18 research outputs found

    Towards spatio‐temporal data modeling of geo‐tagged shipping information

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    Ponencias, comunicaciones y pósters presentados en el 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science "Connecting a Digital Europe through Location and Place", celebrado en la Universitat Jaume I del 3 al 6 de junio de 2014.Spatio-temporal data models deal with capturing information characterized by both spatial and temporal semantics. In this paper we review current approaches for spatio-temporal data modelling and present out initial results for selecting the most relevant approach: Object-Oriented modeling for means of modeling geo-tagged shipping information. The shipping information is provided by the well-known LLLOYD’s lists dataset. We have introduced the case study and dataset characteristics used in the research project and presented our data model in Unified Modeling Language (UML). The model focuses on spatio-temporal events where characteristics are categorized as thematic, spatial and temporal attributes. The paper follows up with discussion on the selected approach and results, and finally ends with presenting the future outlook

    DĂ©veloppement d'une approche gĂ©osĂ©mantique intĂ©grĂ©e pour ajuster les rĂ©sultats des requĂȘtes spatiotemporelles dans les bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales multidimensionnelles Ă©volutives

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    Dans le domaine forestier, la gestion des ressources naturelles se base sur les donnĂ©es recueillies lors des inventaires portant sur la reprĂ©sentation spatiale d'un mĂȘme territoire Ă  diffĂ©rentes Ă©poques. Au fil des inventaires, l'Ă©volution naturelle, les interventions humaines, l'Ă©volution des modes d'acquisition, des spĂ©cifications et des normes forestiĂšres crĂ©ent une hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© spatiale et sĂ©mantique entre les diffĂ©rentes bases de donnĂ©es. Dans un processus dĂ©cisionnel, ces donnĂ©es et spĂ©cifications sont structurĂ©es d'une façon multidimensionnelle dans des cubes de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales. Par consĂ©quent, la structure multidimensionnelle est Ă©galement amenĂ©e Ă  Ă©voluer, ce qui affecte la rĂ©ponse aux requĂȘtes spatiotemporelles. Dans le domaine forestier, la problĂ©matique de l'Ă©volution de structure se traduit par l'impossibilitĂ© d'effectuer des analyses spatiotemporelles, par exemple sur l'Ă©volution du volume de bois de certaines essences ou l'Ă©volution des Ă©pidĂ©mies, affectant directement la prise de dĂ©cision dans la gestion forestiĂšre. Cette problĂ©matique exige de concevoir de nouvelles solutions capables de prĂ©server les liens entre les membres des diffĂ©rentes structures. Cependant, les solutions proposĂ©es ne tiennent pas compte de maniĂšre explicite et simultanĂ©e de l'Ă©volution sĂ©mantique et gĂ©omĂ©trique de la structure. Afin d'apporter une solution plus adaptĂ©e aux rĂ©alitĂ©s des phĂ©nomĂšnes spatiotemporels, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© une approche gĂ©osĂ©mantique intĂ©grĂ©e pour la gestion de l'Ă©volution de la structure du cube afin d'ajuster la qualitĂ© de la rĂ©ponse Ă  la requĂȘte spatiotemporelle et ainsi offrir un meilleur support Ă  la prise de dĂ©cision. L'approche proposĂ©e dĂ©finit une mĂ©thode de rĂ©tablissement des liens entre des versions du cube. Sur le plan sĂ©mantique, nous rĂ©tablissons les liens en employant une fonction de similaritĂ© sĂ©mantique basĂ©e sur l'ontologie et qui tient compte du plus fin niveau de dĂ©finition des concepts. Au niveau gĂ©omĂ©trique, notre approche se base sur une mĂ©thode d'indexation QuadTree pour constituer une matrice de correspondances spatiales entre les gĂ©omĂ©tries des diffĂ©rentes Ă©poques. Les liens rĂ©sultants sont intĂ©grĂ©s dans une mĂ©thode de transformation matricielle afin de pouvoir rĂ©pondre d'une maniĂšre plus adaptĂ©e Ă  des requĂȘtes spatiotemporelles

    Crowdsourced-based mapping of historical west-to-east routes from the textual accounts of European Travelers

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    Ponencias, comunicaciones y pĂłsters presentados en el 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science "Connecting a Digital Europe through Location and Place", celebrado en la Universitat Jaume I del 3 al 6 de junio de 2014.Through the centuries, numerous travellers and orientalists visited Persia (Iran) and described the country and its inhabitants in their travel writings. These travel accounts comprise valuable historical information about the people and their traditions. A literature on travel writings indicate that surprisingly, despite the importance of these recordings, the studies related to the different aspects of these travels, such as the travel routes and the varieties of the possible application of them on the modern time are relatively scarce. The current research deals with the travel routes of nine the most famous early modern European explorers. Accordingly, in addition to digitalizing and mapping the taken routes, the dynamics of their itineraries are analysed

    Towards initiating OpenLandMap founded on citizens’ science: The current status of land use features of OpenStreetMap in Europe

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    Ponencias, comunicaciones y pĂłsters presentados en el 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science "Connecting a Digital Europe through Location and Place", celebrado en la Universitat Jaume I del 3 al 6 de junio de 2014.Land use inventories are important information sources for scholarly research, policy-makers, practitioners, and developers. A considerable amount of effort and monetary resources have been used to generate global/regional/local land use datasets. While remote sensing images and techniques as well as field surveying have been the main sources of determining land use features, in-field measurements of ground truth data collection for attributing those features has been always a challenging step in terms of time, money, as well as information reliability. In recent years, Web 2.0 technologies and GPS-enabled devices have advanced citizen science (CS) projects and made them user-friendly for volunteered citizens to collect and share their knowledge about geographical objects to these projects. Surprisingly, one of the leading CS projects i.e., OpenStreetMap (OSM) collects and provides land use features. The collaboratively collected land use features from multiple citizens could greatly support the challenging component of land use mapping which is in-field data collection. Hence, the main objective of this study is to calculate the completeness of land use features to OSM across Europe. The empirical findings reveal that the completeness index varies widely ranging from almost 2% for Iceland to 96% for Bosnia and Herzegovina. More precisely, more than 50% of land use features of eight European countries are mapped. This shows that CS can play a role in land use mapping as an alternative data source, which can partially contribute to the existing inventories for updating purposes

    A dynamic and context-aware semantic mediation service for discovering and fusion of heterogeneous sensor data

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    Sensors play an increasingly critical role in capturing and distributing observations of phenomena in our environment. The vision of the semantic sensor web is to enable the interoperability of various applications that use sensor data provided by semantically heterogeneous sensor services. However, several challenges still need to be addressed to achieve this vision. More particularly, mechanisms that can support context-aware semantic mapping and that can adapt to the dynamic metadata of sensors are required. Semantic mapping for the sensor web is required to support sensor data fusion, sensor data discovery and retrieval, and automatic semantic annotation, to name only a few tasks. This paper presents a context-aware ontology-based semantic mediation service for heterogeneous sensor services. The semantic mediation service is context-aware and dynamic because it takes into account the real-time variability of thematic, spatial, and temporal elements that describe sensor data in different contexts. The semantic mediation service integrates rule-based reasoning to support the resolution of semantic heterogeneities. An application scenario is presented showing how the semantic mediation service can improve sensor data interpretation, reuse, and sharing in static and dynamic settings

    Cancer Patient Beliefs and Attitudes Regarding Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

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    The development and widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have advanced the field of oncology in a short period of time. Despite this, patient perception regarding this new medication class has not been adequately assessed, which may affect treatment decisions and adherence. The Belief about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) is a validated survey composed of 18 questions which analyzes patient’s beliefs about the necessity of prescribed medication and concern about the potential adverse events caused by the medication. General medication overuse and harm are also determined. This is the first study to utilize the BMQ for patients on ICI therapy

    Real Time Semantic Interoperability in ad hoc Networks of Geospatial Databases : disaster Management Context

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    Avec le dĂ©veloppement rapide des technologies permettant la collecte et l’échange des donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales, la quantitĂ© de bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales disponibles est en constante augmentation. Ces bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales reprĂ©sentent souvent une mĂȘme rĂ©alitĂ© gĂ©ographique de façon diffĂ©rente, et sont, par consĂ©quent, sĂ©mantiquement hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšnes. Afin que les utilisateurs de diffĂ©rentes bases de donnĂ©es puissent Ă©changer des donnĂ©es et collaborer dans un but commun, ils doivent avoir une comprĂ©hension commune de la signification des donnĂ©es Ă©changĂ©es et rĂ©soudre ces hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©s, c’est-Ă -dire que l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique doit ĂȘtre assurĂ©e. Il existe actuellement plusieurs approches visant Ă  Ă©tablir l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique. Cependant, l’arrivĂ©e puis la rĂ©cente prolifĂ©ration des rĂ©seaux ad hoc modifient et rendent plus complexe la rĂ©solution du problĂšme de l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique. Les rĂ©seaux ad hoc de bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales sont des rĂ©seaux qui peuvent s’auto-organiser, pour des besoins ponctuels, sans qu’une structure particuliĂšre soit dĂ©finie a priori. En raison de leur dynamicitĂ©, de l’autonomie des sources qui les composent, et du grand volume de sources disponibles, les approches dites « traditionnelles » qui ont Ă©tĂ© conçues pour Ă©tablir l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique entre deux sources ou un nombre limitĂ© et statique de sources ne sont plus adaptĂ©es. NĂ©anmoins, bien que les caractĂ©ristiques d’une approche pour l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique dans les rĂ©seaux ad hoc doivent permettre d’agir sur un grand volume de sources, il demeure essentiel de prendre en compte, dans la reprĂ©sentation de la sĂ©mantique des donnĂ©es, les caractĂ©ristiques particuliĂšres, les contextes et les dimensions spatiales, thĂ©matiques et temporelles des donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales. Dans cette thĂšse, une nouvelle approche pour l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique en temps rĂ©el dans les rĂ©seaux ad hoc de bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales est proposĂ©e afin de rĂ©pondre Ă  la fois aux problĂ©matiques engendrĂ©es par les rĂ©seaux ad hoc et les bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales. Les contributions de cette approche pour l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique en temps rĂ©el concernent majoritairement la collaboration dynamique entre les utilisateurs de bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales du rĂ©seau ad hoc, la reprĂ©sentation et l’extraction des connaissances, le mapping sĂ©mantique automatisĂ©, la similaritĂ© sĂ©mantique et la propagation des requĂȘtes dans le rĂ©seau ad hoc. Le cadre conceptuel qui sous-tend l’approche se base sur les principes de la communication dans les rĂ©seaux sociaux. À la suite du cadre conceptuel qui Ă©tablit les fondements de l’approche, cette thĂšse prĂ©sente un nouveau modĂšle de reprĂ©sentation des coalitions de bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales, dans le but de faciliter, dans un contexte d’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique, la collaboration entre les utilisateurs de bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales du rĂ©seau. Sur la base de ce modĂšle, une approche de dĂ©couverte des sources pertinentes et de formation des coalitions se basant sur les principes de l’analyse des rĂ©seaux est proposĂ©e. Afin de gĂ©rer les changements du rĂ©seau en temps rĂ©el, des opĂ©rateurs de gestion des changements dans les coalitions sont proposĂ©s. Une fois les coalitions Ă©tablies, les Ă©changes de donnĂ©es entre les membres d’une mĂȘme coalition ou de coalitions diffĂ©rentes ne peuvent ĂȘtre assurĂ©es que si la reprĂ©sentation de la sĂ©mantique est suffisamment riche et que les ontologies qui dĂ©crivent les diffĂ©rentes bases de donnĂ©es sont sĂ©mantiquement rĂ©conciliĂ©es. Pour ce faire, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© dans cette thĂšse un nouveau modĂšle de reprĂ©sentation des concepts, le soit le Concept multi-vues augmentĂ© (Multi-View Augmented Concept - MVAC) dont le rĂŽle est d’enrichir les concepts des ontologies avec leurs diffĂ©rentes contextes, la sĂ©mantique de leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s spatiotemporelles, ainsi que les dĂ©pendances entre leurs caractĂ©ristiques. An Ensuite, une mĂ©thode pour gĂ©nĂ©rer les concepts MVAC est dĂ©veloppĂ©e, laquelle comprend une mĂ©thode pour l’extraction des diffĂ©rentes vues d’un concept qui sont valides dans diffĂ©rents contextes, puis une mĂ©thode d’augmentation du concept qui extrait les dĂ©pendances implicites au moyen d’algorithme de fouille de rĂšgles d’association. Ensuite, deux modĂšles complĂ©mentaires furent dĂ©veloppĂ©s pour rĂ©soudre les hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ©s sĂ©mantiques entre les concepts MVAC. Dans un premier lieu, un modĂšle graduel de mapping sĂ©mantique automatisĂ©, le G-MAP, Ă©tablit les relations sĂ©mantiques qualitatives entre les concepts MVAC au moyen de moteurs de raisonnement basĂ© sur des rĂšgles d’infĂ©rence qui intĂšgrent de nouveaux critĂšres de matching. Ce modĂšle se distingue par sa capacitĂ© Ă  prendre en compte une reprĂ©sentation plus riche et complexe des concepts. Puis, nous avons dĂ©veloppĂ© un nouveau modĂšle de similaritĂ© sĂ©mantique, Sim-Net, adaptĂ© aux rĂ©seaux ad hoc et basĂ© sur le langage de la logique descriptive. La contribution des deux modĂšles permet une interprĂ©tation optimale par l’utilisateur de la signification des relations entre les concepts de diffĂ©rentes bases de donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales, amĂ©liorant ainsi l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique. La derniĂšre composante est une approche multi-stratĂ©gies de propagation des requĂȘtes dans le rĂ©seau ad hoc, oĂč les stratĂ©gies, formalisĂ©es Ă  l’aide du langage Lightweight Coordination Calculus (LCC) qui supporte les interactions basĂ©es sur des normes sociales et des contraintes dans un systĂšme distribuĂ©, reprĂ©sentent diffĂ©rents moyens employĂ©s pour communiquer dans les rĂ©seaux sociaux. L’approche de propagation intĂšgre un algorithme d’adaptation en temps rĂ©el des stratĂ©gies aux changements qui modifient le rĂ©seau. L’approche a Ă©tĂ© implĂ©mentĂ©e sous forme de prototype utilisant la plateforme Java JXTA qui simule les interactions dynamiques entre des pairs et des groupes de pairs (rĂ©seau peer-to-peer). L’utilitĂ©, la faisabilitĂ© et les avantages de l’approche sont dĂ©montrĂ©s par un scĂ©nario de gestion de dĂ©sastre naturel. Cette thĂšse apporte aussi une contribution supplĂ©mentaire en dĂ©veloppant le nouveau concept de qualitĂ© de l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique ainsi qu’un cadre pour l’évaluation de la qualitĂ© de l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique en tant que processus. Ce cadre est utilisĂ© Ă  des fins d’évaluation pour valider l’approche. Ce concept de qualitĂ© de l’interopĂ©rabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique ouvre de nombreuses perspectives de recherches futures concernant la qualitĂ© des Ă©changes de donnĂ©es dans un rĂ©seau et son effet sur la prise de dĂ©cision.The recent technological advances regarding the gathering and the sharing of geospatial data have made available important volume of geospatial data to potential users. Geospatial databases often represent the same geographical features but from different perspectives, and therefore, they are semantically heterogeneous. In order to support geospatial data sharing and collaboration between users of geospatial databases to achieve common goals, semantic heterogeneities must be resolved and users must have a shared understanding of the data being exchanged. That is, semantic interoperability of geospatial data must be achieved. At this time, numerous semantic interoperability approaches exist. However, the recent arrival and growing popularity of ad hoc networks has made the semantic interoperability problem more complex. Ad hoc networks of geospatial databases are network that self-organize for punctual needs and that do not rely on any predetermined structure. “Traditional” semantic interoperability approaches that were designed for two sources or for a limited static number of known sources are not suitable for ad hoc networks, which are dynamic and composed of a large number of autonomous sources. Nevertheless, while a semantic interoperability approach designed for ad hoc network should be scalable, it is essential to consider, when describing semantics of data, the particularities, the different contexts and the thematic, spatial and temporal aspects of geospatial data. In this thesis, a new approach for real time semantic interoperability in ad hoc network of geospatial databases that address the requirements posed by both geospatial databases and ad hoc networks is proposed. The main contributions of this approach for real time semantic interoperability are related to the dynamic collaboration among user agents of different geospatial databases, knowledge representation and extraction, automatic semantic mapping and semantic similarity, and query propagation in ad hoc network based on multi-agent theory. The conceptual framework that sets the foundation of the approach is based on principles of communication between agents in social network. Following the conceptual framework, this thesis proposes a new model for representing coalitions of geospatial databases that aim at supporting the collaboration among user agents of different geospatial databases of the network, in a semantic interoperability context. Based on that model, a new approach for discovering relevant sources and coalitions mining based on network analysis techniques is proposed. Operators for the management of events affecting coalitions are defined to manage real times changes occurring in the ad hoc network. Once coalitions are established, data exchanges inside a coalition or between different coalitions are possible only if the representation of semantics of rich enough, and the semantic reconciliation is achieved between ontologies describing the different geospatial databases. To achieve this goal, in this thesis we have defined a new representation model for concepts, the Multi-View Augmented Concept (MVAC). The role of this model is to enrich concepts of ontologies with their various contexts, the semantics of their spatiotemporal properties, and the dependencies between their features. A method to generate MVAC concept was developed. This method includes a method for the extraction of the different views of a concept that correspond to the different contexts, and an augmentation method based on association rule mining to extract dependencies between features. Then, two complementary models to resolve semantic heterogeneity between MVAC concepts were developed. First, a gradual automated semantic mapping model, the G-MAP, discovers qualitative semantic relations between MVAC concepts using rule-based reasoning engines that integrate new matching criteria. The ability of this model to take as input a rich and complex representation of concepts constitutes the contribution of this model with respect to existing ones. Second, we have developed Sim-Net, a Description Logic- based semantic similarity model adapted to ad hoc networks. The combination of both models supports an optimal interpretation by the user of the meaning of relations between concepts of different geospatial databases, improving semantic interoperability. The last component is a multi-strategy query propagation approach for ad hoc network. Strategies are formalized with the Lightweight Coordination Calculus (LCC), which support interactions between agents based on social norms and constraints in a distributed system, and they represent the different strategies employed to communicate in social networks. An algorithm for the real time adaptation of strategies to changes affecting the network is proposed. The approach was implemented with a prototype using the Java JXTA platform that simulates dynamic interaction between peers and groups of peers. The advantages, the usefulness and the feasibility of the approach were demonstrated with a disaster management scenario. An additional contribution is made in this thesis with the development of the new notion of semantic interoperability quality, and a framework to assess semantic interoperability quality. This framework was used to validate the approach. This new concept of semantic interoperability quality opens many new research perspectives with respect to the quality of data exchanges in network and its impact on decision-making

    Modeling Spatial Interactions between Areas to Assess the Burglary Risk

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    It is generally acknowledged that the urban environment presents different types of risk factors, but how the structural effects of areas influence the risk levels in neighboring areas has been less widely investigated. This research assesses the local effects of burglary contributory factors on burglary over small areas in a large metropolitan region. A comparative framework is developed for analyzing the effects of geographic dependence on burglary rates, and for assessing how such dependence conditions the community context and the urban land use. A local indicators spatial autocorrelation analysis assesses burglaries over five years (2011–2015) to identify risk clusters. Thereafter, effects of different variables (e.g., unemployment, building density) on burglary frequency are estimated in a series of regression models while controlling for changes in the risk levels of nearby surrounding areas. Results uncover strong evidence that the configuration of the surroundings influences risk. After controlling for area-based interaction, patterns are identified that contrast with the previous literature, such as lower burglary frequency in areas with higher tenancy in social housing units. Together the findings demonstrate that the spatial arrangement of areas is as crucial as contextual crime factors, particularly when assessing the risk for small areas

    Epigenetic Regulation of ATP-Binding Cassette Protein A1 (ABCA1) Gene Expression: A New Era to Alleviate Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

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    The most important function of high density lipoprotein (HDL) is its ability to remove cholesterol from cells and tissues involved in the early stages of atherosclerosis back to the liver for excretion. The ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 are responsible for the major part of cholesterol efflux to HDL in macrophage foam cells. Thus, promoting the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) by upregulating mainly ABCA1 remains one of the potential targets for the development of new therapeutic agents against atherosclerosis. Growing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation of HDL biogenesis as well as modulation of ABCA1 expression are under the control of several genetic and epigenetic factors such as transcription factor (TFs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs).These factors may act either individually or in combination to orchestrate ABCA1 expression. Complementary to our recent work, we propose an exploratory model for the potential molecular mechanism(s) underlying epigenetic signature of ABCA1 gene regulation. Such a model may hopefully provide the basic framework for understanding the epigenetic regulation of RCT and contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to alleviate the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
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